The Impact of the Barr Program on Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common site of cancer occurrence in women and the second most frequent cause of cancer death. Nearly 180,000 women develop breast cancer in the US every year which means that most Americans have been touched by this disease either directly or through family members or friends. Fortunately, death rates from breast cancer have been falling for the past few years and part of the reason is the appearance of new drugs that are more effective against the disease. But we still have a long way to go before we can say that we’ve eliminated the pain and suffering caused by breast cancer. Our best hope for making a significant impact in this disease is basic research into the causes of breast cancer. This is the first step along a marathon route that leads to better treatment and cures, and it’s the step that is directly supported by the Claudia Adams Barr Program in Innovative Cancer Research.
Barr Program investigators have already had an impact in breast cancer. This is a disease that, to a great extent, is driven by female hormones which is why anti-estrogen treatments can be so effective in some cases. One of our Barr Investigators is a leading expert in the basic science of hormone action in cancer cells, and his insights have directly led to better hormonal treatments. Other Barr Investigators have had an impact through their basic research work in genetics. Like so many cancers, we now know that breast cancer arises because of genetic abnormalities that occur in breast cells. Several investigators have devoted their careers to discovering the basic genetic defects that lead to cancer in many organs including the breast. Their insights have led to the development of a completely new generation of drugs that specifically halts the growth of breast cancer cells. Because these drugs are so specific for the genetically abnormal breast cancer cells, they have very little effect on normal cells. The result is effective anti-cancer treatment with almost none of the usual chemotherapy side effects like hair loss or nausea.
The future of breast cancer treatment will involve even more of these highly specific, highly effective drugs and their discovery will grow out of the basic science research performed by Barr investigators. A recent, highly promising Barr project involves an analysis of so-called "stem cells" in breast cancer. Most scientists believe that the stem cells, which make up only a small percentage of all of the cells in a breast cancer, are the cells that are truly responsible for growth, invasion, and spread of cancer. Understanding the basic biology of these cells will lead to treatments designed to eradicate them. A project like this one evolves pretty clearly from our current knowledge about breast cancer. It is important to remember, though, that the impact of basic research sometimes comes from our inability to predict ahead of time where it will lead. For example, another recent Barr project investigated the basic biological mechanisms that control cell division in yeast. Surprisingly (and gratifyingly), the molecules identified in this project have now been found to play a role in breast cancer, and targeting those molecules with new drugs is likely to have a major beneficial effect. This is the power of basic research: new treatments require new insights, and new insights are gained through basic research. Supporting the Barr Program will generate more of these insights, and that knowledge will directly improve the lives of thousands of women with breast cancer.
© 2008 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
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For use by Dana-Farber Marathon Challenge 2009 team members